Working Principle of Electromagnetic Flow Meter
The electromagnetic flowmeter (also called a mag flow meter) measures the volumetric flow of conductive liquids by applying Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
In simple terms, it translates fluid velocity into an electrical signal using magnetism and conductivity.
- Magnetic Field Generation
Inside the flowmeter’s non-conductive pipe liner, coils generate a time-varying magnetic field that passes across the fluid flow path. - Conductive Fluid in Motion
As a conductive liquid (such as water, wastewater, acids, or slurries) flows through the magnetic field, its charged ions move perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines. - Voltage Induction (Faraday’s Law)
According to Faraday’s law, this movement induces a tiny electrical potential (voltage) across the fluid. That voltage is directly proportional to fluid velocity and magnetic field strength. - Electrode Voltage Detection
Two electrodes, mounted opposite each other, pick up this induced voltage. They are aligned perpendicular to both the flow direction and to the magnetic field lines. - Signal Processing & Flow Calculation
The detected voltage, after amplification and noise filtering, is converted by the transmitter into a flow rate reading. Calibration ensures the reading corresponds to actual volumetric flow. - Output & Integration
The computed flow value is shown on the meter’s display and/or sent to external systems (SCADA, PLC) via 4-20 mA, HART, Modbus, or other interfaces.
Important Caveats & Limitations
- This method works reliably only with conductive fluids. Non-conductive or extremely low conductivity liquids do not generate a measurable signal.
- Correct installation conditions, such as full pipe, proper upstream/downstream straight lengths, electrode grounding, and pipeline alignment, are essential to maintain signal accuracy and stability.
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